Abuse and overuse of antibiotics in animal production have caused the emergence and spread of a large number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which seriously threaten human health and affect the sustainable development of the husbandry industry. The China has banned the use of antibiotics as feed additives from 2020, so research and development of antibiotic alternatives are urgently needed. Yeast or yeast-derived feed additives have been used in livestock production as potential alternatives of in feed antibiotics. Particularly, Yeast cell wall has been demonstrated effectively to prevent diseases and improve production performance in poultry production.

Yeast cell wall contains β-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides that acted as bioactive compounds in birds, mannan oligosaccharides can prevent the proliferation of harmful bacteria by prohibiting pathogens to bind the gut epithelium, thereby enhancing mucus defense. On the other hand, there was evidence that birds fed a diet containing β-glucans presented altered anti-inflammatory immune responses.

1. Functions of Yeast cell wall for poultry

1) Improve the intestinal environment

The structure of mannan is similar to the receptor of the pathogen on the intestinal tract, so when it binds to mannose-specific lectin on the surface of a pathogen, it significantly reduces the adhesion of pathogen on villi and makes it impossible for the pathogen to plant on the intestinal wall. β-Glucan improves the intestinal mechanical barrier damage and maintains the integrity of the mucous membrane by promoting the expression of neurotransmitters including acetylcholinesterase, substance P and serotonin, and the close-linked protein in the intestinal epithelium.

2）Enhance immune function

β-glucan induces B cells to produce IgG immunoglobulin by binding complement receptor type three (CR3), Dectin-1 or TLRs on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, and finally improve immune function in animals.

3）Adsorb mycotoxin

The unique single or triple helix structure of yeast cell wall and mycotoxin structure complement each other and combine, so yeast cell wall binds mycotoxins. the hydroxyl group on the intermolecular hydrogen bond of β-(1, 3)-glucan forms a chemical complex with the mycotoxin hydroxyl group, ketone group or lactone group, and β-(1, 6)-glucan can enhance its stability through enhancing van der Waals power.

2. Applications for broiler

1) Enhance Vaccine Efficacy

Compared with CON group, dietary supplementation with 1, 2 and 3kg/t yeast cell wall (YeaMOS, provided by Angel Yeast Co. LTD) significantly increased the serum level of Newcastle disease antibody (Wu XiaoHong et al., 2016).

2) Partly replace AGPs

Cobbe broilers were fed diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2kg/t yeast cell wall (YeaMOS, provided by Angel Yeast Co. LTD) for 42d（WELLHOPE, Liaoning, China）. Compared with the CON group, dietary supplementation with 1kg/t YeaMOS increased the final body weight by 9.45%, and decreased the F/G ratio by 1.23%. Compared with the AGPs group, the final body weight increased by 5.24%, and the F/G ratio decreased by 0.62% (Guang Xiujie et al., 2020).

3) Improve the growth performance

A total of 93000 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to two diet treatments, The basal diet with 0(CON), 1kg/t Yeast cell wall (YeaMOS, provided by Angel Yeast Co. LTD). The test period was 38 d. Compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with YeaMOS increased the final body weight by about 0.018kg. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain(F/G) in YeaMOS group was increased by 0.54g and 0.031. The survival rate was increased by 0.256%. Additionally, the final European index was increased by 3.0%.

3. Applications for layer hens

1) Improve production performance of laying hens

Compared with Control group, the diet supplemented with 0.5 or 1 kg/t yeast cell wall (YeaMOS, provided by Angel Yeast Co. LTD) increased the average egg weight by 4.01% and 3.44%. Meanwhile, the feed to egg ratio in YeaMOS group was decreased by 6.17% and 3.08%. Additionally, the broken rate of egg was reduced by 73.21% and 80.37%, respectively (He Miao et al., 2018).

2) Improve egg quality

A total of 71000 layer hens about 27~29 week old were randomly allocated to two diet treatments, The basal diet with 0(CON), 1kg/t Yeast cell wall (YeaMOS, provided by Angel Yeast Co. LTD). The test period was 24 d. Compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with 1kg/t YeaMOS significantly increased the selective grade and C-1 grade egg. Meanwhile, YeaMOS supplementation in the diet reduced small grade egg (Ukraine, 2018).

Notes: Selective super≥ 75 g, Selective：65-74.9 g, C-1: 55-64.9 g, C-2: 45-54.9g, Small egg: 35-44.9 g

About Angel Animal Nutrition:

Fubon is a brand of Angel Animal Nutrition. Fubon is committed to developing natural, efficient microbial feed derived from yeast with Angel's leading technology in yeast industry, providing the best service solutions for the nutrition and health in animals. Angel Animal Nutrition creates value for global feed and animal agriculture customers through continuously upgraded products and professional services.

About Angel:

Angel Yeast Company is a high-tech listed company specializing in yeast and biotech. Product business covers Yeast and Baking, Yeast Extract-Savoury, Nutrition & Health and Biotechnology fields. It is one of the world's leading companies in the yeast industry. Angel has 12 holding subsidiaries and provides products and services for more than 150 countries and regions.

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ANGEL YEAST CO.,LTD

Address: 168 Chengdong Avenue, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P. R.China

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